However, it soon became obvious that this approach did not scale well. Initially, symbolic reasoning was the predominant approach, and this led to a number of important successes, such as expert systems – computer programs that were able to act as an expert in some limited problem domain. The field of Artificial Intelligence was created in the 1950s. This approach is also called the bottom-up approach. This process is similar to how a newborn child learns about the world around them through observations. We can construct an artificial neural network inside a computer, and then try to teach it to solve problems by giving it examples. This is called symbolic reasoning, or a top-down approach to AI.Īlternatively, we can try to model the simplest elements inside our brain – neurons. Because we can follow our thoughts while we reason, we can try to formalize this process and program it to a computer. If you do a bit of introspection, you may realize that there are some processes that happen subconsciously – for example, we can distinguish a cat from a dog without thinking about it – while some others involve more in-depth reasoning. To be able to program intelligence into a machine, we need to understand how our own process of decision-making works.
So, how can we even start about thinking about making something that is as intelligent as a human? The goal of the Turing test is to figure out whether or not a computer is capable of thinking like a human being. Do you think cats are intelligent? Because we don't know what intelligence is, we created a test to check if we made something intelligent, called the Turing test. The idea of intelligence is controversial. The goal of artificial intelligence is to figure out how to be as human as possible. Humans are good at more complicated tasks that involve context, or emotion, like identifying the age of a person based on looking at them in a particular environment. Computers are great at recognizing and measuring patterns based on large sets of data, like weather patterns, for example. People and computers are good at different things. When we take this process of perceiving and acting and program it to a machine, we call that artificial intelligence. We then process that perceived information, make decisions, and take certain actions. As humans, we perceive the real world around us.
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